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Edwin Parker "Cy" Twombly, Jr. (; April 25, 1928July 5, 2011〔The Sunday Times Magazine, The Sunday Times, December 18, 2011, page 64〕) was an American painter, sculptor and photographer. He belonged to the generation of Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns but made the specific choice to live in Europe (Italy) after 1957. His paintings of large-scale, freely scribbled, calligraphic and graffiti-like works on solid fields of mostly gray, tan, or off-white colors are in the permanent collections of most of the museums of modern art around the world, including the Menil Collection in Houston, the Tate Modern in London or the New York's Museum of Modern Art. He was also commisionned for the ceiling of a room of the Musée du Louvre in Paris. Many of his later paintings and works on paper shifted toward "romantic symbolism", and their titles can be interpreted visually through shapes and forms and words. Twombly often quoted the poets as Stéphane Mallarmé, Rainer Maria Rilke, John Keats..., as well as many classical myths and allegories in his works. Examples of this are his ''Apollo and The Artist'' and a series of eight drawings consisting solely of inscriptions of the word "VIRGIL". In a 1994 retrospective, curator Kirk Varnedoe described Twombly's work as “influential among artists, discomfiting to many critics and truculently difficult not just for a broad public, but for sophisticated initiates of postwar art as well.” After acquiring Twombly's ''Three Studies from the Temeraire'' (1998–99), the Director of the Art Gallery of New South Wales said, "Sometimes people need a little bit of help in recognising a great work of art that might be a bit unfamiliar." Twombly is said to have influenced younger artists such as Jean-Michel Basquiat, Anselm Kiefer, Francesco Clemente, and Julian Schnabel.〔Matt Schudel (July 6, 2011), (Cy Twombly, influential Va.-born abstract artist, dies at 83 ) ''Washington Post''.〕 ==Life and career== Twombly was born in Lexington, Virginia on April 25, 1928. Twombly's father, also nicknamed "Cy", pitched for the Chicago White Sox.〔Alastair Sooke (February 9, 2009), (Cy Twombly: late flowering for Mr Scribbles ) ''The Telegraph''〕 They were both nicknamed after the baseball great Cy Young who pitched for, among others, the Cardinals, Red Sox, Indians, and Braves. At age 12, Twombly began to take private art lessons with the Catalan modern master Pierre Daura.〔(Cy Twombly Gallery ) Menil Collection.〕 After graduating from Lexington High School in 1946, Twombly attended Darlington School in Rome, Georgia, and studied at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (1948–49), and at Washington and Lee University (1949–50) in Lexington, Virginia. On a tuition scholarship from 1950 to 1951, he studied at the Art Students League of New York, where he met Robert Rauschenberg, who encouraged him to attend Black Mountain College near Asheville, North Carolina. At Black Mountain in 1951 and 1952 he studied with Franz Kline, Robert Motherwell and Ben Shahn, and met John Cage. The poet and rector of the College Charles Olson had a great influence on him. Arranged by Motherwell, Twombly's first solo exhibition was organized by the Samuel M. Kootz Gallery in New York in 1951. At this time his work was influenced by Kline's black-and-white gestural expressionism, as well as Paul Klee's imagery. In 1952, Twombly received a grant from the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts which enabled him to travel to North Africa, Spain, Italy, and France. He spent this journey in Africa and Europe with Robert Rauschenberg. In 1954, he served in the U.S. Army as a cryptographer in Washington, D.C. and would frequently travel to New York during periods of leave. From 1955 through 1956, he taught at the Southern Seminary and Junior College in Buena Vista, Virginia, currently known as Southern Virginia University; during the summer vacations, Twombly would travel to New York to paint in his Williams Street apartment. In 1957, Twombly moved to Rome, where he met the Italian artist Baroness Tatiana Franchetti – sister of his patron Baron Giorgio Franchetti. They were married at City Hall in New York in 1959〔Jonathan Jones (April 10, 2004), (The last American hurrah ) ''The Guardian''.〕 and then bought a palazzo on the Via di Monserrato in Rome. In addition, they had a 17th-century villa in Bassano in Teverina, north of Rome.〔Stacey Stowe (March 26, 2015), (Cultivating Genius ) ''T: The New York Times Style Magazine''.〕 They had a son, Cyrus Alessandro Twombly (born 1959), who is also a painter and lives in Rome. In 1964, Twombly met Nicola Del Roscio of Gaeta, who became his longtime companion.〔 Twombly bought a house and rented a studio in Gaeta in the early 1990s.〔 Twombly and Tatiana, who died in 2010, never divorced and remained friends.〔 In 2011, Twombly died in Rome after being hospitalized for several days; he had had cancer for many years. A plaque in Santa Maria in Vallicella commemorates him.〔Commemorative plaque in Santa Maria in Vallicella〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cy Twombly」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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